Which behaviors are often seen in both truthful and untruthful individuals?

The correct answer highlights behaviors that can be observed in both truthful and untruthful individuals. Impatience and defensiveness are common responses that can arise from various situations, where individuals may feel pressured or anxious about the context of an interview or questioning. For instance, someone telling the truth might become impatient if they feel the questions are repetitious or unnecessary, leading to defensiveness about their communication. Similarly, a person who is being deceptive may also exhibit defensiveness as a reaction to being questioned or feeling that their credibility is being challenged.

This duality illustrates that some behaviors are not exclusive to truthfulness or deception but can stem from the stress and pressure of high-stakes conversations, such as interviews in forensic settings. Recognizing these shared behaviors is important, as it allows interviewers to identify when further probing might be necessary to discern the truth.

In contrast, other answer choices relate to responses that are generally more indicative of a person’s emotional state in specific contexts, such as calmness suggesting confidence or confusion indicating uncertainty, which may not be present in both truthful and untruthful individuals equally.